Design

Locomotion Best Practices

Updated: Dec 17, 2025
Designing comfortable, accessible locomotion systems is essential for VR applications. This guide summarizes best practices to maximize user comfort, usability, and accessibility.

Improved turns and teleports

Techniques like blinks, snap turns, quick turns, smooth turns, position warps, and teleports help users reorient and move without discomfort. These methods reduce vection. Offer smooth turning as an opt-in feature, tuning speed and acceleration carefully.

Minimizing acceleration

Limit acceleration duration and frequency to reduce sensory mismatch. Use stepped translations, restrict movement axes, control camera elevation, and implement soft camera collisions. Keep acceleration events brief and infrequent.

Reducing optic flow

Minimize visual cues that cause vection by:
  • Matching avatar speeds to real-world walking and running.
  • Using vignettes to darken screen edges during movement.
  • Designing environments with occluding geometry.
  • Applying temporal occlusion during rapid movement.
  • Making peripheral geometry opaque and using simpler textures.

Environmental considerations

Design environments with flat terrain, forward movement, distant walls, gentle elevators and stairs. Use teleport nodes for slopes and stairs to reduce discomfort.

Sensory reinforcement

Improve comfort by:
  • Maintaining a consistent frame rate to prevent judder.
  • Using independent visual backgrounds that move only with head movement.
  • Simulating physical activities like walking in place or climbing.
  • Adding spatial sound effects to aid orientation during transitions.

Supporting multiple techniques

Users have different physical needs and comfort triggers. Test your application with diverse users and offer customizable locomotion options.
Provide three main settings:
  • Recommended: The best overall experience based on your team’s evaluation.
  • Comfortable: Prioritizes comfort for users sensitive to VR motion.
  • Advanced: Gives experienced users full control over movement options.

Next steps

More information on locomotion

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